TestPYQ KPSC KAS Paper I Mock Test-I 2026

The correct answer is (1) Ranganatha Ramanatha Diwakara. R. R. Diwakara was an ardent freedom fighter, key figure in Karnataka Ekikarana, journalist, author of 'Antarathmanige', president of the 1938 Ballari Kannada Sahitya Sammelana, and Governor of Bihar (1952–1958).

The official correct answer is (1) Only one. The Shivapura Dhwaja Satyagraha witnessed massive participation of around 10,000 (not just 1,000) people, making proposition C incorrect. Propositions A, B, and D are historically accurate.

The correct answer is (4) 1969. The Mysore Land Grant Rules were officially framed in 1969 under the provisions of the Karnataka Land Revenue Act, 1964.

The correct answer is (2) Ganitasarasangraha. Ganitasarasangraha was written by the famous Jain mathematician Mahaviracharya, who was patronized by Amoghavarsha I. Kavirajamarga, Prashnottara Ratnamalika, and Kavishikshe are associated with Amoghavarsha.

The correct answer is (1) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III. Aihole inscription was composed by Ravikirti for Pulakeshin II (A-II); Halmidi relates to Kadamba King Kakusthavarma (B-IV); Talagunda pillar inscription records Kadamba dynasty under Santivarma/Kakusthavarma (C-I); Maski edict identifies Emperor Ashoka by personal name (D-III).

The correct answer is (3) 1565 AD. The Battle of Talikota was fought on 23 January 1565 between the Vijayanagara Empire and the combined Deccan Sultanates.

The correct answer is (2) M. Basavaiah. Praja Mitra Mandali was established in 1917 under the leadership of M. Basavaiah and colleagues to advocate for non-Brahmin community representations in Mysore State.

The correct answer is (4) A, B and C. All three statements are accurate: Rani Chennamma defended Kittur in 1824 after the British disallowed adoption, supported by commanders including Sangolli Rayanna.

The correct answer is (1) Virupaksha Temple. Virupaksha Temple (originally Lokeshwara) was commissioned by Queen Lokamahadevi after Vikramaditya II's conquest of Kanchipuram.

The correct answer is (3) R. R. Diwakar. Ranganatha Ramanatha Diwakar started the weekly 'Karmaveera' in 1921 from Dharwad to champion the nationalist cause in North Karnataka.

The correct answer is (2) Jallianwala Bagh of Karnataka. The police firing on unarmed freedom demonstrators hoisting the tricolour at Vidurashwatha on 25 April 1938 led to widespread casualties, earning it the epithet 'Jallianwala Bagh of Karnataka'.

The correct answer is (1) Early Chalukyas of Vatapi. Mangalesha and Kirtivarman I of the Early Chalukyas excavated the famous four rock-cut cave shrines at Badami (Vatapi).

The correct answer is (2) Srivijaya / Amoghavarsha I. 'Kavirajamarga' (c. 850 AD), the earliest available work on poetics and grammar in Kannada, was authored by the court poet Sri Vijaya under the aegis of Rashtrakuta Emperor Amoghavarsha I Nrupatunga.

The correct answer is (4) Belgaum. The 1924 Belgaum session was the sole session of the Indian National Congress presided over by Mahatma Gandhi.

The correct answer is (1) St. John Thackeray. St. John Thackeray, the Political Agent and Collector of Dharwad, was shot and killed during the battle at Kittur Fort in October 1824.

The correct answer is (3) Lord Basaveshwara. Basaveshwara set up Anubhava Mantapa as a spiritual and philosophical parliament that brought together Sharanas of all castes and walks of life.

The correct answer is (2) Aluru Venkata Rao. Aluru Venkata Rao was hailed as 'Karnataka Kulapurohita' for awakening Kannada consciousness through his landmark work 'Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava' (1912).

The correct answer is (3) Halebeedu. Halebeedu in Hassan district of Karnataka served as the regal capital of the Hoysala Empire under the historical name Dvarasamudra.

The correct answer is (1) Sir Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar. Sir A. Ramasamy Mudaliar was the last Diwan of Mysore (1946–1949) who oversaw the constitutional transitions and the integration of Mysore State into independent India.

The correct answer is (4) Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu). Hasan Gangu established the independent Bahmani Kingdom at Gulbarga (Ahsanabad) in August 1347 taking the regal title of Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah.

The correct answer is (2) Shivamogga district. Isuru, situated in Shikaripura taluk of Shivamogga district, hoisted the national flag in 1942, established a 'Free Government' (Yeduru Samrajya), and fought British authorities during the Quit India movement.

The correct answer is (3) Third Anglo-Mysore War. The Treaty of Seringapatam (March 1792) concluded the Third Anglo-Mysore War between Tipu Sultan and the British alliance led by Lord Cornwallis.

The correct answer is (1) States Reorganisation Commission (Fazal Ali Commission). The SRC appointed in 1953 recommended the creation of a unified Kannada-speaking Mysore State including coastal and northern Kannada districts.

The correct answer is (2) Mandalas / Rajyas. The Vijayanagara Empire was partitioned into provinces termed Mandalas or Rajyas, headed by governors (Mandaleshwara or Nayaka).

The correct answer is (4) Ponna. Ubhaya Kavi Chakravarti Ponna served in the court of Krishna III and composed the renowned 10th-century Kannada classic 'Shanti Purana'.

The official correct answer is (4) Only one statement is wrong. Statement B is wrong because the CAG does not hold office during the pleasure of the President; he/she is provided security of tenure and can only be removed in like manner and on like grounds as a Supreme Court Judge. Statements A, C, and D are factually correct.

The official correct answer is (1) A only. Prorogation terminates a session of the House, so statement A is correct. Statement B is incorrect because joint sittings pass bills by simple majority. Statement C is incorrect because nominated members of both Houses do vote in the election of the Vice-President.

The correct answer is (2) United States of America. The doctrine and practice of Judicial Review in India was inspired by American constitutional jurisprudence.

The correct answer is (4) All four pairs. All 4 pairs are correctly matched: 52nd (Anti-defection), 61st (Voting age to 18), 86th (Article 21A - Right to Education), and 101st (GST regime).

The correct answer is (3) Parliament, State Legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice-President. Municipalities and Panchayats are supervised by State Election Commissions under Articles 243K and 243ZA.

The correct answer is (2) Article 263. Article 263 empowers the President to establish an Inter-State Council to inquire into and advise upon disputes between states.

The correct answer is (3) Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. This sequence was established after the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 added 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity'.

The correct answer is (4) Quo-Warranto. Quo-Warranto means 'by what warrant or authority' and is issued to prevent illegal usurpation of a public office by a person.

The correct answer is (1) Article 200. Article 200 deals with assent to bills passed by the state legislature, empowering the Governor to assent, withhold assent, return, or reserve the bill for the President's consideration.

The correct answer is (2) Central Information Commission. The Central Information Commission (CIC) was established by an Act of Parliament (Right to Information Act, 2005) and is a statutory body, not a constitutional one.

The correct answer is (3) 11th Schedule. The 73rd Amendment added the 11th Schedule, which enumerates 29 functional matters entrusted to Panchayati Raj Institutions.

The correct answer is (1) Article 371A. Article 371A provides special provisions and autonomy for the State of Nagaland regarding religious practices, customary laws, and land ownership.

The correct answer is (4) Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. If both Speaker and Deputy Speaker are absent, the Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha presides. The Chairman of Rajya Sabha (Vice-President) never presides over joint sittings.

The correct answer is (2) Union Parliament. Under Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament of India has exclusive power to make any law regarding any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List.

The correct answer is (3) 2010. The NGT was set up on 18th October 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests.

The correct answer is (1) Nilgiri. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was established in 1986 as India's first biosphere reserve, spanning Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

The correct answer is (4) Bandipur National Park. Bandipur National Park, along with Nagarhole and Wayanad, forms the core ecological zone of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.

The correct answer is (2) Around 20% to 22%. According to the Forest Survey of India, Karnataka's recorded forest area covers approximately 20.1% to 21% of its geographical area.

The correct answer is (3) 8 States. The Tropic of Cancer ($23.5^circtext{ N}$) passes through 8 states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.

The correct answer is (1) Anamudi. Anamudi ($2,695text{ m}$), located in the Anaimalai Hills of Kerala, is the highest peak in South India and the Western Ghats.

The correct answer is (2) Baba Budan Giri range. Mullayanagiri ($1,930text{ m}$) is located in the Baba Budan Giri range of the Western Ghats in Chikkamagaluru district.

The correct answer is (3) Raja, Roarer, Rocket and Rani. Jog Falls (Gerusoppa Falls) drops in four named channels: Raja, Roarer, Rocket, and Rani.

The correct answer is (1) Red Soil. Red soil (including red sandy loam and red loamy soils) occupies the largest geographical area across Karnataka, particularly in southern and eastern districts.

The correct answer is (4) Krishna River. The Almatti Dam is the main reservoir of the Upper Krishna Project constructed across the Krishna River in Bagalkote/Vijayapura districts.

The correct answer is (4) Bauxite — Kolar. Kolar is world-renowned for gold mining (Kolar Gold Fields), not bauxite. Bauxite in Karnataka is mined mainly in Belagavi and Uttara Kannada districts.

The official correct answer is (4) A, C and D only. Ross Sea, Weddell Sea, and Bellingshausen Sea are marginal seas of the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica, while Lincoln Sea is a part of the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and Greenland.

The official correct answer is (3) C only. P-waves are longitudinal compressional waves that propagate by compressing and dilating the medium (stretching and squeezing). Statement A is incorrect because the lithosphere extends to around 100–200 km (not 1000 km). Statement B is incorrect because S-waves cannot travel through liquids. Statement D is incorrect because P-waves reappear beyond 142°/145°.

The correct answer is (1) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV. Mariana Trench is in the Pacific Ocean (A-III); Puerto Rico Trench is in the Atlantic Ocean (B-II); Java Trench is in the Indian Ocean (C-I); and South Sandwich Trench is in the Southern Ocean (D-IV).

The correct answer is (2) Stratosphere. The ozone layer (ozonosphere) is situated primarily within the stratosphere between 15 and 35 km above Earth's surface.

The correct answer is (3) Central and East-Central Equatorial Pacific. El Niño represents the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), characterized by unusual ocean warming across the central and eastern tropical Pacific.

The correct answer is (4) Flood Basalt Province. The Deccan Traps are a massive continental flood basalt province formed by extensive Cretaceous volcanic eruptions via fissure flows.

The correct answer is (2) McMahon Line. The McMahon Line was agreed upon during the 1914 Simla Convention between Great Britain and Tibet as the boundary between north-east India and Tibet.

The correct answer is (4) D only. Bomdi La pass is located in Arunachal Pradesh, not in Uttarakhand. Nathu La (Sikkim), Zoji La (Ladakh), and Shipki La (Himachal Pradesh) are accurately matched.

The correct answer is (1) Strait of Gibraltar. The Strait of Gibraltar separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa, linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

The correct answer is (2) Mantle. The mantle extends up to a depth of 2,900 km beneath the crust and accounts for approximately 84% of the Earth's volume and 67% of its total mass.

The correct answer is (3) Coriolis force deflection. The Coriolis force caused by the Earth's eastward rotation deflects winds moving toward the equator towards their right in the Northern Hemisphere, generating Northeast Trade Winds.

The correct answer is (1) Queensland. The Great Barrier Reef stretches along Queensland's north-eastern coast in the Coral Sea.

The correct answer is (4) Narmada River. The Narmada River cuts through picturesque marble rocks at Bhedaghat near Jabalpur to form the roaring Dhuandhar Falls.

The correct answer is (2) Epicentre. The hypocentre (focus) is the point of origin inside the earth, whereas the epicentre is the surface point located perpendicularly above it.

The correct answer is (3) Black Cotton Soil. Regur soil is the fertile, moisture-retentive black soil formed from Deccan basalt, ideal for cotton farming.

The correct answer is (1) Washington, D.C. Both the Bretton Woods institutions (IMF and World Bank) maintain headquarters in Washington, D.C., USA.

The correct answer is (2) Consumer Price Index - Combined (CPI-C). In 2014, following the Urjit Patel Committee recommendations, the RBI adopted the Consumer Price Index (Combined) as its primary gauge for headline inflation.

The correct answer is (3) Urjit Patel Committee. The Urjit Patel Committee on Revising and Strengthening the Monetary Policy Framework recommended setting up a statutory 6-member MPC to decide benchmark interest rates.

The correct answer is (4) Public Good. Pure public goods (e.g., national defence, lighthouses) cannot exclude anyone from their benefits, and one person's consumption does not reduce availability for others.

The correct answer is (1) International Monetary Fund (IMF). The World Economic Outlook (WEO) is published twice a year (April and October) by the International Monetary Fund.

The correct answer is (2) 4% with a tolerance band of +/- 2%. Under the flexible inflation targeting framework, the target is 4% CPI inflation within an upper tolerance limit of 6% and lower limit of 2%.

The correct answer is (3) Agriculture sector. Disguised unemployment occurs when more people are employed in agricultural farming than needed, rendering the marginal productivity of labor zero.

The correct answer is (1) N. K. Singh. Nand Kishore (N. K.) Singh served as the Chairman of the 15th Finance Commission, covering devolution recommendations from 2020 to 2026.

The correct answer is (4) Income inequality. The Gini Coefficient (ranging from 0 for perfect equality to 1 for perfect inequality) is derived from the Lorenz Curve to quantify income distribution disparity.

The correct answer is (1) Nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Their foundational breakthroughs at the University of Pennsylvania suppressed inflammatory responses and stabilized synthetic mRNA, underpinning modern mRNA vaccines.

The official correct answer is (4) None of the above. Bidriware originated under the Bahmani Sultans in Bidar (14th–15th century), combines Persian decorative influences with indigenous metallurgy, involves damascening inlay (chiefly silver on a blackened zinc-copper alloy), and holds a protected Geographical Indication (GI) status.

The official correct answer is (4) All of the above. The Sahaja (heterodox, intuitive, and egalitarian) tradition comprises thinkers and mystics who rejected orthodox ritualism in favor of direct spiritual realization and social equality, which encompasses Gautama Buddha, Basaveshwara, Kabir, and Guru Nanak.

The official correct answer is (4) All the four areas. Mid-latitude temperate grasslands are found across Prairies in North America, Pampas in South America, Steppes in Central Asia/Eurasia, and Downs in Australia.

The official correct answer is (4) All of the above. The High-Level Working Group chaired by Dr. K. Kasturirangan (2013) designated roughly 37% (around 60,000 sq km) of the Western Ghats as an ESA, placed strict prohibitions on commercial mining, quarrying, and red-category industries, and reviewed the earlier Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (Madhav Gadgil) report.

The official correct answer is (2) Maastricht Treaty (Treaty on European Union). Signed on 7 February 1992 in Maastricht, Netherlands, the treaty formally established the European Union and laid the foundational framework for economic and monetary union, culminating in the Euro currency.

The official correct answer is (3) Wetlands. The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance was signed in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 to protect globally significant wetland ecosystems and their waterfowl habitats.

The official correct answer is (2) Article 26. Under Part III of the Indian Constitution, Article 26 guarantees every religious denomination or any section thereof the right to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes and manage its own affairs in matters of religion.

The official correct answer is (1) Zoji La. Zoji La is a strategic high mountain pass in the Himalayas (NH-1) connecting the Kashmir Valley (Srinagar/Sonamarg) with the Dras and Kargil sectors of Ladakh.

The official correct answer is (3) Shah Jahan. In 1638, Emperor Shah Jahan decided to transfer the Mughal capital from Agra to Delhi, founding the walled city of Shahjahanabad and laying the foundations of the Red Fort (Lal Qila).

The official correct answer is (3) 30 years. Under Article 173(b) of the Constitution of India, a person must be not less than 25 years of age for the Legislative Assembly and not less than 30 years of age for the Legislative Council.

The official correct answer is (1) Yaqut of Dabul. Gol Gumbaz, the mausoleum of Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah (r. 1627–1656), was engineered and designed by the celebrated architect Yaqut of Dabul.

The official correct answer is (2) Brahmagiri Hills. River Kaveri takes its origin at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Range of the Western Ghats in Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka.

The official correct answer is (1) Fifth Schedule. The Fifth Schedule governs the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in states other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram (which are under the Sixth Schedule).

The official correct answer is (4) 2013. The National Food Security Act (NFSA) was passed by the Indian Parliament on 10 September 2013 to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two-thirds of the country's population.

The official correct answer is (2) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Chlorofluorocarbons release active chlorine atoms upon ultraviolet photodissociation in the stratosphere, which catalytically break down ozone molecules into oxygen.

The official correct answer is (1) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Sodium bicarbonate). Sodium hydrogen carbonate ($NaHCO_3$) is widely known as baking soda and is utilized as a leavening agent in baking and culinary preparations.

The official correct answer is (3) Methane ($CH_4$). Methane constitutes between 70% to 90% of natural gas and roughly 55% to 75% of biogas produced via anaerobic digestion.

The official correct answer is (4) Retina. The cornea and crystalline lens refract light rays onto the light-sensitive sensory inner surface known as the retina, where photoreceptor rod and cone cells generate electrical impulses.

The official correct answer is (2) Vitamin C. Vitamins B-complex and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) are water-soluble, whereas Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins.

The official correct answer is (3) 23rd August, 2023. The Vikram lander of ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 mission touched down on the lunar south polar terrain on 23 August 2023, now commemorated nationally as National Space Day.

The official correct answer is (1) Kudmul Ranga Rao. Kudmul Ranga Rao (1859–1928) was a pioneering reformer in Mangalore who dedicated his life and resources to the education and socio-economic emancipation of depressed classes and established schools for them.

The official correct answer is (4) International Year of Millets (IYM). Sponsored by India and adopted unanimously by the UNGA, 2023 was designated as the International Year of Millets to raise awareness of the nutritional and ecological virtues of coarse grains.

The official correct answer is (2) 1907. At the Surat session of 1907 presided over by Rash Behari Ghosh, deep ideological divisions over the Swadeshi resolution led to the split between the Moderates and Extremists.

The official correct answer is (1) Mailara Mahadevamma / Nagamma. Heroines like Nagamma and brave women freedom fighters faced police bullets and courted martyrdom during the fierce Quit India demonstrations in Davanagere and Bailhongal in 1942.

The official correct answer is (4) All the four pairs. Salt Satyagraha at Ankola commenced on 13 April 1930 (A); Shivapura Flag Satyagraha took place on 11 April 1938 (B); Vidurashwatha police firing occurred on 25 April 1938 (C); and the Isuru village uprising confrontations erupted in late September 1942 (D).