A material noun refers to a matter, substance, or raw material from which things are made. Iron is a metal/matter.

Cotton is a raw physical substance used to manufacture textile goods.

An abstract noun denotes a quality, idea, concept, or state that cannot be touched physically. Honesty is a moral quality.

In 'a glass of water', glass designates an individual countable drinking vessel (common noun). In others, it is the raw material.

In legal terms, bench is a collective noun designating the official body of judges presiding over a court.

Gold is a material noun (substance) and beauty is an abstract noun (quality).

Punctuality is an abstract noun naming a virtue, and it functions as the subject governing the verb 'is'.

Kindness, pleasure, childhood, and sorrow are all intangible states, emotions, or moral qualities.

Material nouns are uncountable and do not take plural suffixes in general usage (steels is incorrect; it should be steel).

Mountain is a generic name for any geographic elevation. Mount Everest, Pacific Ocean, and India are specific proper nouns.

Concealment is the abstract noun formed by adding the suffix -ment to the verb conceal.

Childhood is an abstract noun denoting a period or state of human life.

Laughter is an abstract noun formed from the verb laugh.

A proper noun is the specific name of an individual person, place, or thing and always starts with a capital letter. Bengaluru is a specific place name.

Jury is a collective noun (noun of multitude) designating a group of judges or sworn citizens.

Humanity refers here to the abstract quality of kindness or compassion.

Jury is a collective noun designating a body of sworn peers, and treason is an abstract noun naming a crime.

Fleet denotes an organized collection of ships sailing under a single command.

A governing group of company directors is designated by the collective noun board.

Scenery is an uncountable common noun representing physical landscape. Wisdom, slavery, and poverty are abstract nouns.

The collective term for a group of musicians is a band. Herd is for cattle, pack is for wolves, and swarm is for insects.

When a proper noun is preceded by the definite article to symbolize a class or superlative quality, it functions as a common noun.

A collective noun denotes a group or collection of individuals, animals, or objects taken as a single whole. Flock refers to a group of birds.

Bravery names a quality of character. Abstract nouns are formed from adjectives (brave to bravery).

A quiver is the dedicated collective term for a case or collection of arrows.

'Few' means hardly any and goes with plural countable nouns such as people.

'Many' is used with countable plural nouns such as books.

Advice is uncountable, so we use a unit word such as 'a piece of'.

'Work' meaning tasks or jobs is uncountable.

'A glass' is a drinking vessel (countable). 'Glass' as a material is uncountable.

Hair as a whole is treated as uncountable and takes a singular verb.

Two means plural, so 'pieces' is needed before 'of chalk'.

Furniture is uncountable and has no plural form.

'Less' is used with uncountable nouns. 'Few', 'fewer' and 'many' go with plural countable nouns.

The plural of deer is deer. The other nouns change form.

You can count books: one book, two books. Milk, rice and sugar are uncountable.

Equipment is a mass noun. Tool, machine and engine are countable.

Advice has no plural form and cannot be counted directly.

News looks plural but is uncountable, so it takes a singular verb.

Equipment is uncountable, so it takes the singular 'has'.

Scenery is uncountable, so it takes a singular verb.

'A paper' here means a research article, which can be counted.

Table is countable. Sugar, furniture and luggage are uncountable.

'Much' is used with uncountable nouns such as water.

Bread is uncountable, so we count it with a unit word such as loaf or slice.

Luggage is uncountable, so it is counted with 'pieces of'.

Information is uncountable, so it takes no 'a' or 'an' and has no plural.

Baggage is uncountable, and 'much of' goes with uncountable nouns.

Information is counted with 'pieces of'.

Water is a substance we measure, not count, so it is uncountable.